Foundations of Clinical Psychology Discussion 7classBook: Title: Theories of Psychotherapy & Counseling: Concepts and Cases Author: Richard Sharf Publisher: Cengage Learning Edition: 6th ISBN Code: 9781305087323 ISBN Code 2: 9781305087323 In mindfulness practice, cultivating a non-judgmental observation of the present experience significantly improves an individual’s mental health. Discuss how mindfulness exercises can help individuals deal with emotional distress and stress, and what challenges might be encountered when implementing mindfulness?
Theories of Psychotherapy and
Counseling: Concepts
and Cases
6th Edition
Richard S. Sharf
Chapter 16
Integrative Therapies
© 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
© 2016 Cengage Learning.
All rights reserved.
Models for Integrating Theories
Theoretical Integration- Combines personality theory
concepts and techniques of two or more theories
Assimilative Integration- Personality theory and techniques
of one theory is the major approach and other theories
supplement it
Technical Eclecticism- One personality theory is used, and
techniques from many theories are used with it
Slide 1 Chapter 16
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Integrative Approaches
Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamics
Prochaska and Colleagues’ Transtheoretical Therapy
Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy
Slide 2 Chapter 16
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Wachtel’s
Cyclical Dynamics
Behavior
Psychodynamics
Psychodynamics
Behavior
Slide 3 Chapter 16
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Wachtel’s Cyclical Psychodynamics:
Use of Theories
Primary Theories
Secondary Theories
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive Therapies
Behavior Therapy
Constructivist Therapies
Family Therapy
Slide 4 Chapter 16
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Prochaska’s Transtheoretical
Approach
Readiness for Change
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Slide 5 Chapter 16
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Prochaska’s Transtheoretical
Approach
Types of Problems
Symptoms
Maladaptive thoughts
Interpersonal conflicts
Intrapersonal conflicts
Family conflicts
Slide 6 Chapter 16
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Prochaska’s Transtheoretical
Approach
Change Processes
Consciousness-raising
Social liberation
Catharsis/dramatic relief
Counter conditioning
Self-reevaluation
Stimulus control
Environmental
reevaluation
Contingency
management
Self-liberation
Helping relationships
Slide 7 Chapter 16
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Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy
BASIC I.D
Seven ways to view self and the world
Seven ways to define goals
Behavior
Affect
Sensation
Cognition
Interpersonal relationships
Drugs/biology
Slide 8 Chapter 16
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BASIC I.D. and Interventions
Behavior
Interventions
Affect
Bridging
Sensations
Tracking
Imagery
Cognition
Interpersonal relationships
Drugs/biology
Slide 9 Chapter 16
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Gender and Multicultural Issues
Integrative approaches borrow methods for dealing with
gender and culture from many different theories:
Prochaska and Colleagues’ Transtheoretical Theory
Wachtel’s Cyclical PsychodynamicsWachtel (1998) Race in the Mind of America
Lazarus’s Multimodal Therapy
Slide 10 Chapter 16
© 2016 Cengage Learning.
All rights reserved.
Theories of Psychotherapy and
Counseling: Concepts
and Cases
6th Edition
Richard S. Sharf
Chapter 17
Comparison and Critique
© 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
© 2016 Cengage Learning.
All rights reserved.
Comparison of Theories on
Significant Issues
• Basic concepts of
personality
• Goals of therapy
• Assessment
• Therapeutic techniques
• Differential treatment
• Brief therapy
• Current trends and
innovations
Slide 1 Chapter 17
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• Using a theory with other
theories
• Research
• Gender issues
• Multicultural issues
• Family therapy
• Group therapy
Major Theories of Psychotherapy
and Counseling
• Psychoanalysis: drive, ego,
object relations, self
psychology, relational
psychoanalysis
• Jungian analysis
• Adlerian therapy
• Existential therapy
• Person-centered therapy
• Gestalt therapy
Slide 2 Chapter 17
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• Behavior therapy
• Rational emotive behavior
therapy
• Cognitive therapy
• Reality therapy
• Solution-focused therapy
• Narrative therapy
• Feminist therapy
• Family therapy
Amount of Scientific Evidence
Supporting the Theory
None______________________________________________________Great Amount
Jungian
Existential
Adlerian
Gestalt
Reality
Feminist
Solutionfocused
Narrative
Slide 3 Chapter 17
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Family systems
Person-centered
Behavior
Psychoanalytic
REBT
Cognitive
Attention to
Unconscious Processes
None
Behavior
Personcentered
REBT
Cognitive
Family
systems
Gestalt
Adlerian
Great Amount
Psychoanalytic Jungian
Existential
Reality
Solutionfocused
Narrative
Not applicable: Feminist
Slide 4 Chapter 17
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Use of Specific Techniques
None_______________________________________________Great Amount
Person-centered
Jungian
Reality
Behavioral
Existential
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt
Cognitive
Feminist
Family
system
REBT
Logotherapy
Narrative
Slide 5 Chapter 17
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Solutionfocused
Duration of Therapy
Brief (few months)____________Moderate (1 year)___________Long (several years)
Family
systems
Behavior
Solutionfocused
Cognitive
Reality
Aderian
Personcentered
Gestalt
REBT
Narrative
Not applicable: Feminist
Slide 6 Chapter 17
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Existential
Psychoanalysis
Jungian
Time Orientation of Therapy
Past______________________Present_________________________Future
Jungian
Psychoanalytic
Adlerian
Personcentered
Gestalt
Cognitive
Reality
Family
systems
(except
Bowen)
REBT
Narrative
Feminist
Behavior
Existential
Slide 7 Chapter 17
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Solutionfocused
Degree of Differential Treatment of
Theories According to Diagnostic Category
None_______________________________________________________Great Amount
Personcentered
Existential
Jungian
Reality
Behavior
Gestalt
REBT
Narrative
Adlerian
Psychoanalytic
Solutionfocused
Not applicable: Feminist, Family Systems
Slide 8 Chapter 17
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Cognitive
Degree to Which a Theory Can Be
Integrated with Others
None______________________________________________________Great Amount
Reality
Cognitive
Jungian
Gestalt
Psychoanalytic
Solutionfocused
REBT
Behavioral
Family
systems
Adlerian
Narrative
Personcentered
Existential
Feminist
Note: Wide disagreement about placement of theories on the chart would come both from
within and outside of the theory
Slide 9 Chapter 17
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Development of
Research-Supported Psychological
Treatments
Little Development_____________________________________________Much Development
Psychoanalysis
Jungian analysis
Adlerian therapy
Existential therapy
Person-centered therapy
Gestalt therapy
REBT
Reality therapy
Solution-focused therapy
Narrative therapy
Feminist therapy
Family therapy
Slide 10 Chapter 17
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Cognitive
Behavioral
Degree to Which the Theory Supports
the Use of Group Therapy
None________________________________________________________________Great Amount
Jungian
Psychodynamic
Behavior
Adlerian
Family Systems
Cognitive
Existential
Feminist
REBT
Person-centered
Gestalt
Narrative
Solutionfocused
Slide 11 Chapter 17
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All rights reserved.