Search the Internet or journal articles to find a health, management or sociological theory to  submit to undergird your research.  Also, tell why the theory supports your research.   
attached is my research topic, IMRAD article and feed back from instructor. This should be everything you will need to complete assignment. Also a Theories frequently used in health guide is attached.
Research topic feedback: he Impact of Telemedicine in Healthcare Management is a timely topic for 2024.  However, you include many areas of consideration – lack of data, growth, patient satisfaction, accessibility and implications.  Decide on which (one- at most two) of these areas you will focus your research. Also, include percentages or supporting statistics to justify the need for your study.  Review the journal casing in your reference. 
IMRAD feedback: You provided an IMRAD summary on your topic – The Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Management.  However, you indicated in the methods that both qualitative and quantitative were utilized.  It was unclear whether you were reviewing one or more studies.  Also, your results/findings should have included more definitive outcomes based on a prescribed analysis (which was lacking).  Your discussion include aspects of growth; more was needed on patient satisfaction.
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Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Management
Ametrish Williams
ASU
Professor Johnson
Research Healthcare Evaluation
March 13, 2024
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Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Management
The topic I selected is the impact of telemedicine on healthcare management.
Telemedicine is currently being seen as one of the most prominent concepts in the field of
healthcare, especially during times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, because of its
ability to provide healthcare remotely to patients. The article by Smith et al. (2020) has shown
that electronic health services provide a vital aid when disaster strikes and thus it is an important
tool in crisis management.
The problematic statement will be centered on the level of telemedicine performance in
the context of healthcare management. Though its usage is on the rise, there is no fully
developed grasp of the consequences of telemedicine on key areas of medicine, like the
condition of the patient, usage of resources, and affordability. The lack of data is the main fact
that hinders informed decision-making in the sphere of healthcare policymaking and
administration.
Percentage rates can be used as before and after visuals to capture the intensity of the
problem, like the case when telemedicine services grew tremendously during the COVID-19
pandemic compared to the use levels before. Moreover, supplemental data on patient satisfaction,
healthcare accessibility, and financial implications arising from telemedicine ushers the
importance of this issue to center stage.
Secondary databases would be a great way to accumulate data for studying the influence
of telemedicine. EHRs, administrative data, and national surveys are great resources for knowing
things, patient demographic information, care outcomes, and healthcare costs (Smith et al.,
2020). Consequently, by using the existing data sources on a large scale, it becomes possible to
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conduct comprehensive studies for establishing telemedicine’s proper effect on the health care
systems. With this acknowledged, the classroom for research is made more believable, general,
and evidence-based, and hence, these findings can be utilized for instituting health policy and
practice.
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References
Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., & Caffery,
L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 26(5), 309-313.
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The Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Management: A Focus on Growth and Patient
Satisfaction
Ametrish Williams
ASU
Professor Johnson
Research Healthcare Eval
March 20, 2024
2
The Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Management: A Focus on Growth and Patient
Satisfaction
Telemedicine, as a new system in the provision of healthcare services, has played a key
role in ensuring the accessibility, affordability, and effectiveness of healthcare services.
Telemedicine, which is the combination of the use of communication technologies in the
healthcare domain and healthcare management, has emerged as one of the more important
factors in effective healthcare management. The research study addresses the main issue of
telemedicine’s importance in healthcare while also highlighting the long-term satisfaction with
the services provided through it.
Methods
This study utilizes a mixed-method approach by combining several research methods.
Among these, it employs a qualitative study through a literature review and quantitative analysis
by examining case studies and data. A quantitative study, as Rahman (2020) explains, is less
susceptible to bias and is more objective when used. The review of the literature includes a range
of scholarly publications, including journals, reports, and articles from indexed databases such as
PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Besides, the qualitative data from the case studies and
interviews conducted by healthcare professionals is being analyzed to determine this
technology’s influence on revenues and patient support. Statistical methods of examination of
trends and connections are the basic tools of quantitative data analysis covering such dimensions
as telemedicine implementation, growth metrics of healthcare, and patient satisfaction indicators.
A correlation analysis was used to measure the level of customer satisfaction with telehealth
services.
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Results
The results of the study explain how telemedicine can affect and help the management of
healthcare, which in turn boosts patient satisfaction. Telemedicine, first, made healthcare services
solve the problem of geographical barriers to healthcare services, ultimately improving
accessibility to healthcare for disadvantaged populations. It further opened up new patient
sources for the providers. This expansion can be demonstrated by the telemedicine platforms and
virtual care networks spreading throughout the country. Second, telemedicine has been found to
affect patient satisfaction positively, and this has been suggested by high rates of active patient
participation, enhanced access to healthcare facilities, and ease of use. Patients mentioned a
higher level of satisfaction with telemedicine visits that they attributed largely to shorter waiting
times for an appointment, increased convenience, and better communication with the healthcare
service providers.
Findings
The findings of this study highlight the essence of telemedicine as a revolutionary tool for
restructuring the strategies that govern healthcare procedures. Telemedicine provides an avenue
to players in the health sector by offering patients remote and personalized care and also
improving their satisfaction. Noceda et al. (2023) also supports these findings in their study
about telemedicine. They found out that telemedicine has had widespread impacts on patients’
health performance, and many of the patients were satisfied with it. This makes it a good
opportunity for healthcare providers to improve service delivery and utilize resources in a better
way. However, technology issues, regulatory barriers, and inequality in availability need to be
tackled to realize telemedicine capabilities in full range. Subsequent studies must also identify
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the long-term influence of telemedicine on healthcare outcomes and evaluate whether
telemedicine improves or worsens health equity-related concerns.
Discussion
The multiple implications that telemedicine has on healthcare management provide the
potential possibilities of increasing affordability while also fueling the growth of the healthcare
industry positively. Different research studies, such as the one by Thota (2020), suggest that
major upfront costs will be realized. Telemedicine is low-cost because physicians do not have to
pay for facility maintenance, and this makes resources available to perform other tasks and
rapidly expand in-facility care services (Thota et al., 2020). Convenience is an additional benefit
resulting from the use of telemedicine. This gives telemedicine an advantage in attracting more
patients and consequently getting more revenue. However, preserving the quality of care while
using telemedicine is key. This should be facilitated by alignment for cost-effectiveness with
patient outcomes to realize effective telemedicine integration and strengthen the whole
healthcare management.
Conclusion
To sum up, telemedicine has the potential to bring about a revolution in healthcare
management and take it to a higher step by focusing on raising and improving patient
satisfaction. The research has demonstrated this, as it has synthesized views from existing
literature and statistical data elucidating the effect telemedicine has on the management of
healthcare services. While the future of telemedicine will be self-evident and impactful to the
healthcare sector, it is of the essence for all stakeholders to act upon its potency and the
impediments it faces in order to provide equitable treatment and excellent results for patients.
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References
Noceda, A. V. G., Acierto, L. M. M., Bertiz, M. C. C., Dionisio, D. E. H., Laurito, C. B. L.,
Sanchez, G. A. T., & Loreche, A. M. (2023). Patient satisfaction with telemedicine in the
Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study. BMC Health
Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09127-x
Rahman, S. (2020). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches and Methods in Language “Testing and Assessment” Research: a Literature
Review. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 102–112.
Thota, R., Gill, D. M., Brant, J. L., Yeatman, T. J., & Haslem, D. S. (2020). Telehealth Is a
Sustainable Population Health Strategy to Lower Costs and Increase the Quality of
Health Care in Rural Utah. JCO Oncology Practice, 16(7), e557–e562.
https://doi.org/10.1200/jop.19.00764
Theories and Models Frequently Used in Health Promotion
As you are planning or describing your program, referring to individual, interpersonal, or
community-level theories that relate to health behavior change is sometimes useful. For
example, these theories might be used in the “Causal Assumptions/ Theory of Change” column
in your logic model or to help you identify potential points of intervention.
Theory/Model
Summary
Key Concepts
For people to adopt recommended physical
activity behaviors, their perceived threat of
disease (and its severity) and benefits of
action must outweigh their perceived
barriers to action.
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits of
action
Perceived barriers to
action
Cues to action
Self-efficacy
Stages of change
(transtheoretical
model)
In adopting healthy behaviors (e.g., regular
physical activity) or eliminating unhealthy
ones (e.g., watching television), people
progress through five levels related to their
readiness to change—pre-contemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, and
maintenance. At each stage, different
intervention strategies will help people
progress to the next stage.
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse prevention
Persons who are beginning regular physical
activity programs might be aided by
interventions that help them anticipate
barriers or factors that can contribute to
relapse.
Skills training
Cognitive reframing
Lifestyle rebalancing
Information processing
paradigm
The impact of persuasive communication,
which can be part of a social marketing
campaign to increase physical activity, is
mediated by three phases of message
processing—attention to the message,
comprehension of the content, and
acceptance of the content.
Exposure; Attention
Liking/interest;
Comprehension; Skill
acquisition; Yielding
Memory storage
Information search and
Retrieval; Decision;
Behavior; Reinforcement;
Post-behavior
consolidation.
Individual
Health belief model
Theory/Model
Interpersonal Level
Social learning/ social
cognitive theory
Theories and Models Frequently Used in Health Promotion
Summary
Key Concepts
Health behavioral change is the result of
reciprocal relationships among the
environment, personal factors, and
attributes of the behavior itself. Self-efficacy
is one of the most important characteristics
that determine behavioral change.
Self-efficacy
Reciprocal determinism
Behavioral capability
Outcome expectations
Observational learning
Theory of
reasoned action
For behaviors that are within a person’s
control, behavioral intentions predict actual
behavior. Intentions are determined by two
factors—attitude toward the behavior and
beliefs regarding others people’s support of
the behavior.
Attitude toward the
behavior
• Outcome expectations
• Value of outcome
expectations
Subjective norms
• Beliefs of others
• Desire to comply with
others
Theory of planned
behavior
People’s perceived control over the
opportunities, resources, and skills needed
to perform a behavior affect behavioral
intentions, as do the two factors in the
theory of reasoned action.
Attitude toward the
behavior
• Outcome expectations
• Value of outcome
expectations
Subjective norms
• Beliefs of others
• Desire to comply with
others
Perceived behavioral
control
Social Support
Often incorporated into health promotion
interventions, social support can be
instrumental, informational, emotional, or
appraising (providing feedback and
reinforcement of new behavior)
Instrumental support
Informational support
Emotional support
Appraisal support
Individual Level
Theory/Model
Theories and Models Frequently Used in Health Promotion
Summary
Key Concepts
Community Level
Community
organization model
Public health workers help communities
identify health and social problems, and
they plan and implement strategies to
address these problems. Active community
participation is essential.
Social planning
Locality development
Social action
Ecological approaches
Effective interventions must influence
multiple levels because health is shaped by
many environmental subsystems, including
family, community, workplace, beliefs and
traditions, economics, and the physical and
social environments.
Multiple levels of
influence
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal
• Institutional
• Community
• Public policy
Organizational change
theory
Certain processes and strategies might
increase the chances that healthy policies
and programs will be adopted and
maintained in formal organizations.
Definition of problem
(awareness stage)
Initiation of action
(adoption stage)
Implementation of change
Institutionalization of
change
Diffusion of innovations
theory
People, organizations, or societies adopt
new ideas, products, or behaviors at
different rates, and the rate of adoption is
affected by some predictable factors.
Relative advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Trialability
Observability
Sources:
1.
2.
3.
Alcalay R, Bell RA. Promoting Nutrition and Physical Activity Through Social Marketing: Current Practices and
Recommendations. Davis, CA: Center for Advanced Studies in Nutrition and Social Marketing, University of
California, Davis; 2000.
National Institutes of Health. Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice. Bethesda, MD:
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1995.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
This table adapted from:
US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Evaluation Handbook. Atlanta, GA: US Department
of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2002, Appendix 3, pg. 43.
(http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/handbook/pdf/handbook.pdf)