1.Vital Records (10 Points)Perform a web search for the state office of vital records or statistics for your state.Explore the site and identify the type of information required by law that the site supports.Does the site discuss protecting the privacy of health information or other information that is collected and maintained by the stateInclude the link in your summary.https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/vs_data_research.htmhttps://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/2.As a new HIM professional, address how you could persuade the CEO to implement an IG program. Write a one to two paragraph on why your need to implement an IG plan. (5 Points)
Introduction to
Information Systems
in Health Information
Technology
Chapter 14: Data and
Information Governance
© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Learning Objectives
Compare and contrast information governance (IG)
with data governance (DG) and their relative
significance.
Explain the importance of enterprise information
management (EIM) and why it has become essential
Explain the reasons why health information has
become a valued strategic asset.
Summarize the eight key principles of Information
Governance Principles for Healthcare (IGPHC).
Identify tools that can be used to assist a healthcare
organization in implementing an IG program.
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Data Governance (DG)
Overall management of the
availability, usability, integrity, and
security of data employed in an
organization or enterprise
It is a specific enterprise information
management (EIM) function that
supports coordination among all other
EIM functions
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Information Governance (IG)
Organization-wide framework for
managing information throughout its
lifecycle and for supporting the
organizations strategy, operations,
regulatory, legal, risk, and
environmental requirements
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Data and Information Governance
DG and IG programs rely on quality
data and information
To make informed decisions
To evaluate patient care and population
health
To evaluate business processes
To evaluate financial stability
To reduce security breaches
To control e-discovery costs
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Data and Information Governance
Effectiveness is the degree to which
stated outcomes are attained
Efficiency is how the desired outcome
is achieved or produced, particularly
without wasting resources such as
time, personnel, and money
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Data and Information Governance
DG is a subset of IG as data is the
foundation upon which information is
built
GIGO: Garbage in, garbage out,
Metaphor for the importance of effective DG
garbage data provides garbage
information. This garbage or inaccurate
information leads to poor decisions.
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e-Discovery
Pre-trial activities wherein participants
acquire and analyze any electronic
data that could be used in civil or
criminal legal proceedings
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Data and Information Governance
DG and IG are examples of the little
picture, big picture concept
Smaller aspects of DG provide the little
picture while supporting the big picture of
IG.
IG is the big picture, the allencompassing information management of
the entire healthcare facility.
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Data and Information Governance
DG is in many ways is the foundation for
HIM because it includes:
Data modeling: Process of determining the
users information needs and identifying
relationships among the data
Data mapping: Allows for connections
between two systems; allows for data initially
captured for one purpose to be translated and
used for another purpose
Data audit: Organizational procedure for
monitoring quality of data by analyzing reports
for anomalies, inaccuracies, and missing data
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Data and Information Governance
Data quality controls: Tools such as edits and field
types used in information systems that help ensure
data quality
Data quality management: Business processes that
ensure the integrity of an organizations data during
collection, application (including aggregation),
warehousing, and analysis
Data architecture: Development and maintenance of
specifications about data that reside in electronic
databases
Data dictionary: Descriptive list of the names,
definitions, and attributes of data elements to be
collected in an information system or database whose
purpose is to standardize definitions and ensure
consistent use
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Data and Information Governance
Benefits
Improved data quality
Reduction of duplication
Improved trust in data
Efficiencies
Cost savings
Risk mitigations
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Metadata
Data about data
Common definition oversimplifies the
concept
Better definition: Structured information used
to increase the effective use of data
Includes the electronic time stamp of when
data was created, accessed, or manipulated.
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Metadata
Identifies when an entry was created,
who created it, from where it was
accessed, and all changes made to
the file or document
During information breach
investigation, a single employees
electronic activity or activity that
occurred at a single workstation or
terminal can be evaluated
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Types of Metadata
Descriptive Metadata
Structural Metadata
Administrative Metadata
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Descriptive Metadata
Addresses specific data elements
acquired and used by the IS
Data dictionary established for all
datasets within the IS
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Structural Metadata
Process of acquiring, storing,
manipulating, and displaying data
Data models are diagrammatical or
graphic tools used to help program the
system and to identify areas of
inefficiency
Entity-relationship diagrams (ERD) and
dataflow diagrams (DFD)
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Administrative Metadata
Programmed in IS to generate data
about the usage of the information
system
Audit trail and activity reports
Audit trail identifies tasks such as who
accessed IS or when and where someone
performed a certain data function
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Data Mapping
Supports connections between two
systems
Connection allows for data initially
captured for one purpose to be
translated and used for another purpose
Source: The original data set that is being
mapped from
Target: The data set that the source is
being mapped to
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Valued Strategic Asset
Information
Should be managed like people, processes,
money, and other resources
Asset: Any resource that is useful and provides
valuable quality
Value comes from its relative worth or importance
Valued strategic asset due to role in planning for
future of healthcare facility, making sound
clinical and administrative decisions, and
managing the financial resources
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Data Silo
Separate database or system within a
department that does not integrate
into main IS nor can others outside of
that specific department access it
IG addresses these issues by managing
information overall, not just data of one
type or in one location
Information can then be used to meet
needs of the healthcare facility
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Business Intelligence (BI)
End product, or goal, of IG
BI includes information technology
and procedures to analyze all aspects
of healthcare facilitys performance
Patient care
Healthcare services delivery,
Personnel, clinical applications and
outcomes
All administrative functions
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Big Data
Electronic health data sets so large
and complex that they are
difficult/impossible) to manage with
traditional software and/or hardware
Difficult to manage with traditional or
common data management tools and
methods
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Information Governance Steering
Committee
Created and dedicated to IG
Role could be assumed by an existing
committee
Responsible for the oversight of the IG
program and it has many roles
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Roles of IG Steering Committee
Identifying the responsible individual
or department responsible for IG
functions
Developing relationships between
individuals and departments
responsible for IG functions
Creating an IG policy
Coordinating IG efforts
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
IG Leadership Structure
IG must have permanent leadership structure,
resources (human, monetary, equipment),
and executive level commitment
Executive level personnel: the C-suite
Jargon term that refers to positions with titles beginning
with C:
Chief executive officer (CEO)
Chief financial officer (CFO)
Chief information officer (CIO)
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
IG Leadership Structure
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Clinical Documentation
Improvement (CDI)
Process an organization undertakes
that will improve clinical specificity
and documentation, allowing coding
professionals to assign more precise
disease classification codes.
Improves and supports data quality,
availability, and usabilityall key
aspects of DG
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Information Governance Charter
Charter: Document that identifies
purpose, scope, and functions of a
program
Groundwork: planned activities for IG
Identified in the IG charter
With the work of existing committees, the
IG charter, plan, and personnel can be
launched
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Sample Project Plan
AHIMA developed an IG sample project plan
Figure 14.5
Assist healthcare facilities with incorporating IG
into their work
Five-phased process with list of activities for
each phase
Initiation
Planning
Execution
Control
Close-out
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
SBAR
Process for facilitating communication and resolving problems
that has been used by many healthcare facilities in their quest to
implement IG
ELEMENT
DESCRIPTION
S = situation
A detailed explanation of the issue or problem
B = background
Concise and significant facts surrounding the issue
A = assessment
Research and analysis of information and suggested options
R = recommendation
Action required to achieve the desired end result
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Asset Inventory
List of information resources throughout
the healthcare facility
Should be stored in spreadsheet or other
tool to facilitate access and ongoing
maintenance
Both paper and electronic records, reports,
medical imaging
Both structured and unstructured data
Critical to the creation of an IG program
because all data and information to be
managed must be known
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Strategic Alignment
Process and the outcome of linking
healthcare facility structure and
resources with healthcare facility
strategy and business environment to
achieve performance improvement
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Promotion of IG
AHIMA took an assertive/proactive role
in acceptance and promotion of IG
concepts
Worked with ARMA International and other
key stakeholders to develop IG best
practices
Information Governance Principles for
Healthcare (IGPHC)
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Governance Principles
for Healthcare (IGPHC)
Applies to all aspects of information
and subsequent business
transactions across all areas of the
healthcare industry organizations
Stakeholder: Someone who has a
concern about identified issues and
healthcare facilitys data
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Governance Principles for
Healthcare (IGPHC)
Eight key principles
Accountability
Transparency
Integrity
Protection
Compliance
Availability
Retention
Disposition
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Technology Governance
(ITG)
Subdomain of IG and is essential for
any organization using information
technology
Management of all information
technology investments:
Selection
Implementation
Maintenance
Evaluation
Coordination
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Technology Governance
(ITG)
Encompasses every aspect of IT
infrastructure such as:
Hardware
Software
Communication
Technology tools
Policies and procedures: provide efficient
processes for all electronic activity within the
healthcare facility
Typically led by the chief information officer
(CIO)
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
IG/DG/ITG Relationship
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Enterprise Information
Management (EIM)
Set of functions used to:
Plan
Organize
Coordinate people, processes, technology, and
content
Manage information as a corporate asset that
ensures data quality safety, and ease of use
Ensuring that the processes are in place to
generate trust in the information being used
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Data and Information Governance
Continuous program that facilitates
the Triple Aim:
Improve population health
Enhance the patients experience within
the healthcare field
Reduce the per capita cost of healthcare
services
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Data and Information Governance
Five building blocks are identified as
essential foundation pieces for
successful EIM
Privacy, security, and confidentiality
Integrity and quality
Design and capture
Content and records management
Access and use
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Information Governance Adoption
Model (IGAM)
AHIMA developed a prototype plan
Assist healthcare facilities when
attempting to implement IG
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
IGAM Competencies
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
10 Core Competencies in IGAM
IG structure: Creates information
governance program including executive
sponsorship, IG committee, and policies &
procedures to support program
Strategic alignment: Ensures that IG
program strategy aligns with healthcare
facilitys strategy, mission, vision & goals
Privacy and security: Protects information
across all types of information, all media,
throughout the lifecycle
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
10 Core Competencies in IGAM
Legal and regulatory: Verifies proper, accurate,
reliable, efficient response to regulatory audits,
information requests, and e-Discovery
Data governance: Ensures usable and reliable data
through comprehensive and proven data management
practices
IT governance: Strives for risk reduction through an
integrated approach to technology selection,
evaluation, and use
Analytics: Proves value of IG and contributes to datadriven decision-making culture in healthcare facility
through use of advanced tools and technologies
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
10 Core Competencies in IGAM
IG performance: Measures the
performance and impact of the IG program
Enterprise Information Management:
Guides practice for information through the
information lifecycle across healthcare
ecosystem
Ensuring value of information assets, requiring
an organization-wide perspective of information
management functions; calls for explicit
structures, policies, processes, technology, and
controls
Infrastructure and processes to ensure
information is trustworthy and actionable
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
10 Core Competencies in IGAM
Awareness and adherence: Creates a
path for trusted information and safe
use of health IT through consistent
behavior with respect to information
use, sharing, handling, access, storage,
retention, and disposition
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
IG Program Implementation
Approximately 12 to 18 months to
implement
Depends on:
Size of healthcare facility
Personnel involved
Budget
Other resources
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Collaboration
Key imperative people-skill for the IG
leader because employees throughout
healthcare facility must be involved
Collaboration involves bringing various
people and departments together, finding
common ground and solutions, and
coming to a consensus for a plan of action
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Hard Skills
Basic areas of technology
Informatics skills
Basic computer literacy
Programming basics and languages (SQL
and HL7)
Use of basic office application software
including databases, graphics, and
spreadsheets
Decision support systems
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Hard Skills (continued)
Data analytics skills:
Healthcare statistics and research
fundamentals
Trend analysis and predictive modeling
Financial data and budget analysis
Data use skills:
Application of secondary data
Data visualization (display) techniques
Ability to use any technology to collect,
store, analyze, and report a wide variety of
information
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Soft Skills
Subjective traits
Communication skills:
Involve verbal and written forms
Interpersonal skills
Collaboration
Understanding what was meant in addition to
what was said
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Soft Skills
Critical thinking uses logic and reasoning:
Interpret situations and people
Apply principles to processes
Creating new ideas
Decision making and judgement aid the
ability to choose best options based upon
some type of cost benefit analysis
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Data Stewardship
Formalization of accountability and a
continuum of stewardship responsibilities
across data life cycle and across the
enterprise
Carried out by network of designated
employees who are responsible for
managing, collecting, viewing, storing,
sharing, disclosing, and otherwise making
use of personal health information
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Health Data Stewardship
Management and responsibilities of an
activity according to:
Established goals and objectives
Regulatory and accreditation conditions
Other organizational obligations
Guarantees that health information is used
appropriately
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© 2018 American Health Information Management Association
Certifications
Clinical documentation improvement
coordinator
CDIP: Certified clinical document improvement
practitioner
Health Data Analyst
CHDA: Certified health data analyst
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